Altaic etymology : Query result

Comments: EAS 108, KW 440, Poppe 117, Мудрак Дисс. 91, Miller 1970, 129, JOAL 119. In Turkic one has to suppose a dissimilation (*sīĺč < *čīĺč; cf. Turkm. čīš-, perhaps preserving an archaism). PA *č`ī́ĺč`u may be a partial reduplication, or else have a suffixed *-č`V (*č`ī́ĺu-č`V; cf. Mong. čili-, perhaps reflecting an original simple stem). A possibility of reconstructing *č`ĭ́jĺu-č`V should be also considered (see above on the Turkic reflexes).

Proto-Altaic: *č`ī̀me

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: knuckle, cartilage

Russian meaning: косточка, хрящ

Turkic: *čEmirčik

Mongolian: *čimöge

Tungus-Manchu: *čīme- (~š-,-ǖ-)

Korean: *čǝŋk- ( < *čǝm-k- ?)

Comments: Лексика 261.

Proto-Altaic: *č`ī̀mu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: top, edge

Russian meaning: верх, край

Turkic: *čɨm- / *čum- (*čom-)

Mongolian: *čimarkai

Tungus-Manchu: *čīme

Japanese: *tuma

Comments: The root seems reliable, although in Turkic its reflex is rather hard to distinguish from a homonymous reflex of *č`i̯úmu 'rounded object'.

Proto-Altaic: *č`ī́p`a

Meaning: branch, sharp branch

Russian meaning: ветка, острая ветка

Turkic: *čɨ̄p

Tungus-Manchu: *čipa-

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss; possible but not very reliable. The root seems to be distinct from *č`ḗbV 'branch, staff' and from *č`ipV 'sharp edge' q. v. - although contaminations were of course possible.

Proto-Altaic: *č`òk`e ( ~ -i̯u-)

Meaning: cheek bone

Russian meaning: скула

Turkic: *čügde

Mongolian: *čoku

Korean: *čjókái

Comments: Лексика 203. Cf. also notes to *č`[i̯a]k`i.

Proto-Altaic: *č`ŏk`i

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to incline, sink

Russian meaning: погружаться, склоняться

Turkic: *čök-

Mongolian: *čökü-

Tungus-Manchu: *čoK[i]-

Korean: *čùk-

Japanese: *tuku-(m)pap-

Comments: VEWT 117, KW 431 (without the Korean form), EAS 64, SKE 43, АПиПЯЯ 286. Despite Doerfer's (TMN 3, 122) criticism, the root is certainly common Altaic. In Mong. cf. also reduplicated forms: Khalkha cogcojǯ sū-, Bur. sogsojžo hū- 'to squat', sogsogono- 'to curtsey'. The original meaning must have been 'squat', 'kneel down' - whence 'incline, sink', and further metaphorical developments: 'lose hope', 'die'.

Proto-Altaic: *č`ŏli ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: steppe

Russian meaning: степь

Turkic: *čöl

Mongolian: *čolid

Tungus-Manchu: *čulbi-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *č`óme

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: together, all

Russian meaning: вместе, все

Mongolian: *čöm

Tungus-Manchu: *čuŋnu

Japanese: *tǝ́mǝ

Comments: A not quite clear phonetic development in TM; perhaps one has to reconstruct *č`óŋme, with cluster simplification in Mong. and with dissimilation *čuŋmu > *čuŋnu in TM.

Proto-Altaic: *č`omi ( ~ -e)

Meaning: stack, to stack

Russian meaning: стог, куча, складывать в кучу

Turkic: *čömele

Mongolian: *čomu-

Tungus-Manchu: *čum-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *č`òmu ( ~ -i̯o-)

Meaning: to cram, stop up

Russian meaning: запихивать, набивать

Korean: *čắm-, *čằm-

Japanese: *tùm-

Comments: A Kor.-Jpn. isogloss; Western parallels may have merged with *šŏ́mo 'to dive, scoop' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *č`op`i ( ~ -e)

Meaning: dregs, dirt

Russian meaning: осадок, грязь

Turkic: *čöp

Mongolian: *čöb

Tungus-Manchu: *čupa

Comments: A Western isogloss; Mong. may be < Turkic.

Proto-Altaic: *č`ṓga

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: ashes, glowing coals

Russian meaning: зола, угли

Turkic: *čōg, -ak

Tungus-Manchu: *čuguk ( ~ -b-)

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *č`ṑk`a

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to peck, gouge

Russian meaning: клевать, долбить

Turkic: *čok-

Mongolian: *čoki-

Tungus-Manchu: *čōk(i)-

Korean: *čhắ-

Comments: EAS 64, KW 429, Дыбо 13, Doerfer MT 68. Martin 239 compares OJ tuk- which can belong here, too, but is an obvious merger of several roots.

Proto-Altaic: *č`ṑrV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: pike

Russian meaning: щука

Turkic: *čortan

Mongolian: *čurukai

Tungus-Manchu: *čōr-

Comments: KW 434, Лексика 178. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *č`ùgù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bundle

Russian meaning: связка

Turkic: *čug

Mongolian: *čug-

Korean: *čok

Japanese: *tùkà

Comments: Korean *čok should be explained as a contraction < *č`ugu-k`V, with a frequent suffixed -k.

Proto-Altaic: *č`ukV ( ~ -o-)

Meaning: to jump, trot

Russian meaning: прыгать, скакать

Mongolian: *čogi-

Tungus-Manchu: *čuKe-rē-

Korean: *čhú-

Comments: Korean has a frequent vowel loss between a stop and a fricative.

Proto-Altaic: *č`úk`i ( ~ -i̯u-)

Meaning: a k. of fish

Russian meaning: вид рыбы

Turkic: *čüke

Korean: *čòkɨ́i

Comments: A Turk.-Kor. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *č`uli

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to grow less, shrink

Russian meaning: уменьшаться, ухудшаться

Turkic: *čülik-

Mongolian: *čölü-

Tungus-Manchu: *čulbi-

Korean: *čūr-

Comments: SKE 44.